That’s according to a large, highly anticipated study called VITAL–which stands for Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial–published in the New England Journal of Medicine and presented at this year's American Heart Association Scientific Sessions. Given the popularity of these supplements, researchers have been eager to know their true benefits–and it’s not looking great.
Among nearly 26,000 healthy adults followed for around five years, supplementing with vitamin D or with fish oil did not lower cancer diagnoses or cardiovascular events–defined as strokes, heart attacks, or deaths from heart disease–compared to taking a placebo.
The study participants–men age 50 and older and women 55 and up–took 2,000 international units of vitamin D and 1 gram per day of omega-3 fatty acids. VITAL is considered the largest such study of vitamin D and the only one like it around fish oil.
However, it's not all bad news for vitamin D and fish oil. In people taking vitamin D supplements for at least two years, researchers found a 25% lower chance of death from cancer. And while fish oil didn’t reduce the rate of all those serious heart problems combined, it did seem to lower a person’s chance of a heart attack, specifically. That reduction was even higher in people who don’t get as much fish in their diets and in African-Americans.
"If this finding is confirmed and replicated, it may point to a very promising approach to reducing coronary risk among African-Americans," lead author JoAnn Manson, MD, DrPH, chief of the division of preventive medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, said in a statement. "We plan to follow these participants for the next several years to see if this signal becomes stronger."
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