Glucose, or sugar, is the fuel that powers cells throughout the body. Blood levels of this energy source ebb and flow naturally, depending what you eat (and how much), as well as when you eat it. But when something goes wrong—and cells aren't absorbing the glucose—the resulting high blood sugar damages nerves, blood vessels, and organs, setting the stage for dangerous complications.
No symptoms at all
Often, high blood sugar causes no (obvious) symptoms at all, at least at first. About 29 million people in the U.S. have diabetes, but one in four has no idea. Another 86 million have higher-than-normal blood sugar levels, but not high enough to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. That's why it’s a good idea to get your blood sugar tested if you are at risk for diabetes.
You pee a lot and you drink a lot
When there's too much sugar circulating in the blood, the body tries to get rid of it. Excess sugar spills into urine, drawing water out of the body. It makes you pee frequently—and in large amounts. It can make you really thirsty because you're dehydrated (here are other dehydration symptoms). Some people feel extremely hungry and may experience sudden or unexplained weight loss because the cells of the body aren't getting the sugar they need as a fuel source.
You're tired all the time
If your cells aren't getting glucose, they are literally being starved of energy. That can make you feel like you're always tired. When your blood is thicker and more viscous due to elevated blood sugar, your heart has to work harder to pump it, and it moves more slowly throughout your body to deliver nutrients to your cells.
Your blood gets syrupy
Sugary blood has a thicker, stickier consistency. "You can imagine how hard it can be for thick syrup to get to the tiniest point of small blood vessels—places like the eyes, the ears, the nerves, the kidney, the heart,” said Joanne Rinker, a certified diabetes educator and registered dietician in Waynesville
It can rob your vision
High blood sugar can seriously harm your eye health over time. One area where small blood vessels get damaged is in the retina, the light-sensitive portion of the back of the eye.
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