“It’s extremely rare for an incidence of a disease to increase this much,” says Andrea Cercek, MD, a gastrointestinal oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
Researchers aren't yet sure what's behind the rise, but they have some theories. For one, the same lifestyle factors contributing to the growing obesity epidemic are also associated with colorectal cancer. “It’s likely that some of the behaviors that contribute to obesity, like a sedentary lifestyle and poor diet, like high consumption of red and processed meat, and a low consumption of milk products, lead to [colorectal cancer]," says Rebecca Siegel, MPH, lead epidemiologist on the study. Some researchers are also exploring the connection between gut microbiome changes and cancer, but have yet to determine any direct link, says Dr. Cercek.
Doctors are now questioning whether the screening age for colorectal cancer should be lowered in people with average risk (meaning they have no family history of the disease), says Dr. Cercek. Current recommendations advise starting colonoscopies at age 50; increased screening is why the colorectal cancer rate has dropped in older people.
Meanwhile, both Siegel and Dr. Cercek say it's smart to keep an eye out for signs of colorectal cancer. Many of the symptoms are easy to ignore or shrug off as something minor—and young people are especially prone to dismissing them, says Dr. Cercek. “They think it’s not a big deal and they’re too busy working and living their lives, and they’re more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage.”
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