As the name suggests, it’s an exhausting illness: People with chronic fatigue suffer an unexplained and extreme feeling of tiredness that can last for many months, and often years.
What causes chronic fatigue syndrome?
“The likelihood is that it’s a genetic predisposition [plus] a particular trigger,” says Snell, who formerly served as chair of the Chronic Fatigue Advisory Committee to the United States Secretary for Health.
Who is at risk of chronic fatigue syndrome?
Chronic fatigue affects people of both sexes and all ethnic and economic backgrounds. Women, however, are four times more likely to be diagnosed with the syndrome than men. Caucasians are also more likely to be diagnosed, the IOM report found, but some research suggests minorities are actually at greater risk.
How is chronic fatigue diagnosed?
There’s no lab test, or biomarker for chronic fatigue, and its symptoms overlap with many other illnesses, which makes diagnosing the disorder a challenge. “[Chronic fatigue] looks like a lot of other things,” says Snell.
You are experiencing debilitating fatigue
This is not weariness after a taxing week. This is profound fatigue that leads to a sharp reduction in your ability to function on a day-to-day basis—and lasts for six months or more.
You feel even worse when you push your limits
The technical term is post-exertional malaise. It means that when you put more stress (physical, mental, or emotional) on your body than it can handle, your symptoms flare. “[A patient’s] lymph nodes might swell up,” says Keller, “or they might have joint pain, or pain in other areas.”
You often wake up tired
People with chronic fatigue can log 12 hours in bed, “but when they get up, they feel like they haven’t slept at all,” says Keller. The IOM committee dubbed this phenomenon “unrefreshing sleep.”
Your brain feels sluggish
Some people with chronic fatigue experience some “cognitive impairment,” according to the IOM panel. “Mostly what happens is they have a delay in their ability to process information,” explains Keller. “They can still process information, but they can’t do it quickly.” They may also have blips in their short-term memory, she adds.
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